What Is 410 Stainless Steel Plate?
By standard, 410 stainless steel plate is a general-purpose stainless steel material and belongs to martensitic stainless steel. That means it contains a minimum of 11.5% chromium, which is created as a way to improve traditional carbon steel to enhance its corrosion resistance. It can be heat treated to obtain a wide range of mechanical properties. The 410 SS sheets and plates are generally used for applications that involve mild corrosion resistance, moderate heat resistance, and high strength.
410 Stainless Steel
410 stainless steel is one of the most commonly used hardenable martensitic stainless steel grades. It consists of a minimum of 11.5% chromium which is enough to exhibit corrosion resistance properties in mild chemical atmospheres. It can achieve maximum corrosion resistance when it has been hardened, tempered, and then polished.
410 Stainless Steel Chemical Composition
| C | Si | Mn | S | P | Cr | Ni |
| ≤0.08-0.15 | ≤1.0 | ≤1.0 | ≤0.03 | ≤0.040 | 11.5～13.5 | 0.75 Max |
410 Stainless Steel Alternative Grades and Comparisons
When fabrication requirements require similar properties with some variation, there are several alternative grades of annealed 400 series stainless steel alloys to take into account, including:
Grade 416 for instances requiring higher machinability with acceptable lower corrosion resistance.
Grade 420 when there is a need for higher hardness or hardened strength.
Grade 440C when hardness and hardened strength must exceed that of the 410 and 420 grades.
How Is 410 SS Plate Made?
410 Stainless steel plate is manufactured by melting-refining in an electric arc furnace with reducing agents that purify the melt. This is followed up with hot working and heat treatment. The general steps are listed below:
1. The raw materials such as steel, chromium, carbon, and other alloying elements, are liquified in an electric arc, or an induction furnace. For the highest grades, this is done under a vacuum. The melting process reduces oxides and contaminants and creates a floating slag of impurities.
2. Once ready, the melt is poured into casts to form ingots.
3. The ingots are later reheated and hot worked to primary shapes through forging, rolling, or sometimes extrusion.
4. The shaped products are then annealed to relieve residual internal stresses from the initial forming, which helps to improve ductility and workability.
5. Raw material finishing processes can include hot rolling, cold rolling, and further stages of annealing or heat treatment, depending on the required properties of the finished stock.
6. 410 stainless steel plate materials may then undergo a variety of finishing operations to deliver the precise properties required. These can include grinding, polishing, and/or other surface treatments to achieve the desired dimensions and surface finish.
What Are the General Properties of 410 SS Plate?
Using 410 stainless steel plates brings various advantages to suit particular applications. They include:
1. Excellent mechanical property. 410 stainless steel sheet has good formability and weldability and a hardness level of approximately 410 Rockwell B. When it comes to welding, this plate can be readily welded via conventional techniques. What’s more, it can preserve maximum ductility by preheating workpieces to between 350-400°F (177-204°C) with annealing, which also keeps the risk of cracking down.
2. High strength and hardness. It offers relatively high tensile strength and hardness when compared to other stainless steel grades after quenching and tempering. However, it is not recommended to perform tempering at temperatures from 400 to 580 °C.
3. Excellent wear resistance. Due to its hardness, 410 stainless steel plate offers excellent anti-wear performance.
4. Good oxidation resistance. It can resist oxidation up to 1292°F (700°C) continuously, and up to 1500°F (816°C) on an intermittent basis. Nonetheless, be careful of chloride attacks in in oxidizing conditions.
5. Heat treatment. Heat treatment is an important aspect of working with 410 stainless steel plates. Different heat treatment methods can be used to develop specific properties in the steel, such as increased strength, improved ductility, or increased hardness. These heat treatment methods include annealing, quenching, and tempering. For example, grade 410 stainless plate can be fully annealed at temperatures from 815 to 900 °C, followed by slow furnace cooling and air-cooling. Process annealing of grade 410 steels can be carried out at temperatures ranging from 650 to 760 °C and air-cooled.
What’s more, in the annealed state, the plasticity of the 410 SS plate is very high, which can be cold-formed by deep rolling, stamping, bending, and curling.
6. Mild corrosion resistance. This grade is less resistant to corrosion than the austenitic grades and grade 430 ferritic alloys containing 17% chromium. This is because the hardening capability makes it somewhat compromised. Generally, 410 stainless steel plates can resist dry atmosphere, fresh water, food, steam, hot gases, and weak corrosive media which are with a temperature not exceeding 30°C.
However, the corrosion resistance of SS 410 sheets and plates can be further enhanced by a series of processes such as hardening, quenching, tempering, and polishing.
7. Low cost. It is relatively low cost, compared to most other stainless steel grades, because of its lower alloy content.
8. Magnetic. Unlike austenite steel such as 304 and 316, grade 410 martensite stainless steel is magnetic in both annealed and hardened conditions.
What Are the Applications of 410 SS Plate?
410 Stainless steel plate is ideal for applications that require moderate resistance, good wear resistance, and high mechanical properties. Some examples are listed below:
1. Used in fabricating bridges, ships, engineering, and other offshore & onshore services.
2. Used in fabricating automotive exhaust systems, manifolds, automotive parts & bushes, high-temperature engine components, and other vehicle parts.
3. Used in fabricating medical instruments and devices.
4. Used in fabricating knives, blades, scissors, cutlery, tableware, kitchen utensils, and other household items.
5. Used in fabricating fasteners (like bolts, screws, nuts, springs, bushings), pump shafts, valve components, nozzles, bearings, scrapers, hand tools, and other hardware/fixing applications.
6. Used in fabricating 410 stainless steel pipe & tubes, 410 stainless steel press plates, 410 stainless steel profiles, and 410 stainless steel pipe fittings.
7. Used in fabricating petrochemical Equipment, mining equipment, food processing equipment, petroleum refining processing equipment, chemical processing equipment, thermal cracking sulfur corrosion resistant equipment, military equipment (tanks, submarines), and other parts of equipment resistant to weak corrosive media at room temperature.
8. Used in fabricating gas & steam turbine components, mine ladder rungs, distillation trays, packed columns, pipelines, firearm barrels, rulers, and other components, mechanical parts, pressure vessels, aerospace parts, oil well pump components (like hardened steel balls and seats), etc.
9. Used in some applications requiring additional scratch and dent resistance.
10. Used in decorative applications, including elevators, decorative walls, signage, sculptures, and so on.
*In addition, 410 stainless steel plates should not be used for applications that require high corrosion resistance or high temperatures above 1200°F.
Find Reliable 410 Stainless Steel Plate Suppliers
Gnee Steel is a known manufacturer and distributor of 410 & 410S Stainless Plates, which are available in various dimensions, shapes, and finishes as per client’s requirements. We have more than 15 years of experience in the export of steel raw materials, not only have extensive industry experience but also have advanced production equipment and outstanding technical personnel. To ensure product quality, we will arrange a professional quality inspection team to inspect each time before shipment. So you can trust us. Buy high-quality 410 stainless steel sheets and plates and other stainless steel material offerings at affordable prices from us now.
